According to Texas Transportation, what does the term "Shoulder" refer to?

The term "Shoulder" within the context of Texas Transportation refers to an area adjacent to the roadway that is designed to accommodate various functions, one of which is for parking. Shoulders provide a buffer zone to enhance roadway safety, allowing vehicles to pull over in emergencies or to provide space for breakdowns without obstructing the flow of traffic. This functionality aids in minimizing risks for drivers and passengers, making it an essential element of roadway design.

While the options of the main driving lane, pavement markings, and an area for emergency vehicles might touch upon relevant aspects of roadway safety and design, they do not accurately denote what a shoulder is intended for. Shoulders are specifically designated to improve safety and are distinct from these other roadway components. Therefore, identifying a shoulder as an area designed or used for parking encapsulates its primary role in the transportation infrastructure.